Canaan

You will have noted in the introductions section that one of the definitions given (again, not my own!) for the promised land was;

Canaan, the land promised by God to Abraham and his descendants. Gen. 12:7.

This is of course correct. You know the story well. God spoke to Abram the nomad promising him that his offspring would become a nation, that they would be given a land, that they would receive blessing and that they would be a blessing. God used Moses to bring Abraham's (God changed Abram's name) descendents out of Egypt and into Canaan, the land that God identified as the one promised. Of course Israel, abraham's 'nation', had to go on and inhabit this land, which they achieved with some questionable success in terms of obedience to God. The high point is Solomon, God's king to whom other nations came to seek wisdom and bring homage.
Several hundred years later Abraham's nation was exiled out of the land because of their disobedience to God (God had said he would do so!).
They came back (after some middle eastern regime change) under persian rule to re-establish their nationhood of sorts, but the glory days were behind them. Their destiny determined by whichever world power held sway at the time.

In Jesus day the Jewish people (Abraham's descendents by ethnicity) had various approaches to rationalising the way in which God's promise of land was being experienced in their time. Some were pragmatists, believing that they could have a kind of self rule and self determination by 'getting along' with the current world power (Rome). Some were political zealots, believing that the promise required them to rise up and take the back the land that was theirs by divine right. Some were religious zealots (humanists of a sort?), believing God would give them back the land if they could demonstrate a great enough devotion to him.Some were spiritualists, believing that land was not so significant anymore and that they were to carve out their identity in other ways (torah, teaching, wisdom).
Jewish people to this day fall into one of these, or a combination of these, categories.
As an aside I think the conservative political movements within the county of Israel today would best be categorised as Jewish political zealots, and you can maybe see why they are so militant in their ways, and how they might interpret the 'attacks' on their land.

But, is God's promise of land relevant to any of these groups anymore?